Title:	Impact of oxidative stress on female reproductive parameters : an analysis of systemic and follicular biomarkers
Authors:	Rodrigues, Aline de Queiroz Carvalho, Guilherme G. Piau, Tathyana Benetis Veiga, Fabiane H. Souza, Paulo E. N. Moreira, Daniel C. Tierno, Natalia I. Z. Macedo, Yamara A. Amaral, Maria Eduarda B. Nakagawa, Hitomi M. Goulart, Jair Trapé Paulini, Fernanda
metadata.dc.identifier.orcid:	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3548-4119 https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2936-2149 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0737-1077
metadata.dc.contributor.affiliation:	University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences University of Brasilia, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technologies University of Brasilia, Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance University of Brasilia, Faculty of Medicine, Morphology and Applied Immunology Research Center Maternal and Child Hospital of Brasilia Dr. Antonio Lisboa, Assisted Reproduction Sector Maternal and Child Hospital of Brasilia Dr. Antonio Lisboa, Assisted Reproduction Sector Genesis - Human Reproduction Assistance Center Genesis - Human Reproduction Assistance Center University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences
Assunto::	Fertilidade Reprodução assistida Equilíbrio redox Biomarcadores oxidativos Parâmetro reprodutivo
Issue Date:	Dec-2025
Publisher:	PMCID
Citation:	RODRIGUES, Aline de Queiroz, et. al. Impact of oxidative stress on female reproductive parameters: an analysis of systemic and follicular biomarkers. JBRA Assist Reprod., [S. l.], v. 29, n. 4, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5935/1518-0557.20250047. Disponível em: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12695009/. Acesso em: 06 fev. 2026.
Abstract:	Objective: To examine the relationship between oxidative stress markers and reproductive parameters in women undergoing assisted reproductive treatments, focusing on the interaction between demographic, oxidative, and reproductive factors. Methods: A total of 49 patients with a mean age of 36.0±3.5years were evaluated. Biomarkers analyzed included reduced glutathione (GSH), disulfide glutathione (GSSG), total glutathione (tGSH), the GSSG/GSH ratio, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Blood and follicular fluid samples were collected and analyzed, correlating these markers with variables such as antral follicle count (AFC), oocytes retrieved, mature oocytes, blastocyst formation, and pregnancy rates. Results: The results showed that AFC is a key marker of ovarian reserve, correlating positively with the number of oocytes retrieved and mature oocytes. Age significantly influenced antioxidant markers in both blood and follicular fluid, with a decline in antioxidant capacity linked to aging. In follicular fluid, higher GSSG levels correlated with the number of oocytes retrieved, indicating increased metabolic activity and ROS generation, thus raising oxidative burden during ovarian stimulation. Additionally, GSH and tGSH levels in blood negatively correlated with mature oocytes, suggesting greater antioxidant consumption during elevated metabolic demand. Conclusions: Glutathione is a robust and clinically promising redox biomarker for female fertility, evidencing strong correlations between systemic and follicular redox markers. Advancing age and repeated ovarian stimulation were shown to compromise antioxidant capacity, negatively impacting reproductive outcomes. Establishing reference values, particularly for the GSH/GSSG ratio, may enable its use as a prognostic tool, while the quantification of ROS and RNS could support personalized interventions and ovarian stimulation protocols.
metadata.dc.description.unidade:	Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (IB) Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (IB CFS) Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FS) Faculdade de Medicina (FM) Instituto de Física (IF)
metadata.dc.description.ppg:	Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal
Licença::	This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.5935/1518-0557.20250047
metadata.dc.relation.publisherversion:	https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12695009/
Appears in Collections:	Artigos publicados em periódicos e afins

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