Título:	Lixiviado de compostagem de resíduos alimentares : tratamento e utilização como biofertilizante
Autor(es):	Silva, Frederico Pinto da
Orientador(es):	Busato, Jader Galba
Assunto:	Lixiviado Fertilizantes orgânicos Resíduos sólidos orgânicos Resíduos - alimentares Tomateiro
Data de publicação:	9-Dez-2025
Data de defesa:	24-Mar-2025
Referência:	SILVA, Frederico Pinto da. Lixiviado de compostagem de resíduos alimentares: tratamento e utilização como biofertilizante. 2025. 152 f., il. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia) — Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2025.
Abstract:	The decomposition of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste in composting facilities, combined with the moisture content of the material, results in the formation of leachate, liquid effluents with a high organic load. These effluents have a high organic load and high concentration of nutrients, representing a potential environmental risk if not properly treated. However, when subjected to adequate treatment, they can become a valuable source of nutrients and biostimulant compounds for plant growth. This study aimed to design an anaerobic treatment system followed by aeration, characterize the treated leachate and evaluate its biostimulant potential in a composting facility, aiming at its use as a biofertilizer or biostimulant in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crops. For this purpose, samples of raw and treated leachate were collected and analyzed for their compliance with current legislation (CONAMA Resolutions nº 430/2011), with emphasis on the absence of chemical and microbiological contaminants. The following parameters were evaluated: Salmonella, thermotolerant coliforms, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), electrical conductivity, pH, total solids, total dissolved solids, volatile solids, total alkalinity, nutrient levels and possible contaminating metallic elements. The treated leachate was applied via fertigation, in different dilutions in the irrigation water, combined with different concentrations of fertilizer salts (macro and micronutrients), using a drip irrigation system. The hybrid grape tomato seeds (Dolcetto) were sown in plastic trays and, when the seedlings presented three pairs of leaves, they were transplanted to 8.5 L pots containing commercial substrate (Plantmax® ). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design (3 × 3) + 1 control, totaling ten treatments, with six replicates each. The treatments consisted of three dilutions of the treated leachate (2.5, 5 and 10%) and three levels of nutrient supply (50, 75 and 100% of the recommendation), in addition to the control (100% of the recommendation without leachate). The soil pH and electrical conductivity, the photosynthetic parameters effective quantum efficiency of photosystem II (ɸII), non-photochemical energy quenching (ɸNPQ), unregulated energy loss (ɸNO), linear electron flux (LEF), proton conductivity of chloroplast ATP synthase (gH+ ), relative rate of proton flux from the stroma to the lumen (vH+ ), SPAD index and electrochromic shift signal (ECS), macro and micronutrient contents in the plant, as well as productivity, considering the total weight of the fruits, the number of fruits per plant and their dimensions (diameter and length) were evaluated. The results showed that Salmonella was not detected in the leachate, and that the anaerobic treatment system followed by aeration was efficient in reducing contaminants, decreasing the levels of COD, BOD5, ammoniacal nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total, dissolved and volatile solids, as well as thermotolerant coliforms, also promoting an increase in pH and total alkalinity. However, the levels of BOD5, ammoniacal nitrogen, total phosphorus and total dissolved solids remained above the limits established by CONAMA Resolution nº. 430/2011. In the agricultural context, the application of aerated digestate as a biofertilizer in tomato crops demonstrated promising results, with the potential to partially replace synthetic fertilizers without compromising photosynthesis or productivity. The 2.5% dilution of aerated digestate, combined with 50% of the recommended synthetic fertilizer, did not differ in soil pH and EC, photosynthetic efficiency, macro and micronutrient content in the plant (B, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mo and Ni) and in production (quantity and total of fruits and length, diameter and weight of the fruit) in relation to the control, while higher dilutions (10%) compromised the yield due to high electrical conductivity and ammonium accumulation.
Unidade Acadêmica:	Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária (FAV)
Informações adicionais:	Tese (doutorado) — Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, 2025.
Programa de pós-graduação:	Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia
Licença:	A concessão da licença deste item refere-se ao termo de autorização impresso assinado pelo autor com as seguintes condições: Na qualidade de titular dos direitos de autor da publicação, autorizo a Universidade de Brasília e o IBICT a disponibilizar por meio dos sites www.unb.br, www.ibict.br, www.ndltd.org sem ressarcimento dos direitos autorais, de acordo com a Lei nº 9610/98, o texto integral da obra supracitada, conforme permissões assinaladas, para fins de leitura, impressão e/ou download, a título de divulgação da produção científica brasileira, a partir desta data.
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