Título:	A evolução dos conceitos evolucionistas : causalidade e matematização
Autor(es):	Santana, Douglas Nascimento
Orientador(es):	Rodrigues, Samuel José Simon
Coorientador(es):	Tidon, Rosana
Assunto:	Causalidade Matematização Evolução (Biologia) - filosofia
Data de publicação:	2-Dez-2025
Data de defesa:	21-Ago-2025
Referência:	SANTANA, Samuel José Simon. A evolução dos conceitos evolucionistas: causalidade e matematização. 2025. 290 f., il. Tese (Doutorado em Filosofia) — Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2025.
Abstract:	All phenomena in the material world have causes. Understanding cause, effect, and their relationships is the problem addressed by philosophical reflections on causality. Scientific rationality is the most reliable cognitive tool for establishing causality, so that models of scientific causality are framework theories that, on the one hand, are formed from the patterns of causal explanations of science and, on the other hand, frame scientific theories themselves. The main objective of this work is to reflect on how the principles of the mechanical causality model and the verificationist epistemology of modern and contemporary sciences – rooted in the physical sciences – influenced the epistemological development of evolutionism, how these principles exerted that influence, and to what extent this influence had impact on the foundations of validity and effectiveness of evolutionary explanations. The time frame of the analysis covers the evolution of evolutionary concepts from the publication of The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin, in 1859, to the decisive initial phase of the Modern Evolutionary Synthesis, up to around 1940, focusing on the contributions of Ronald Fisher, Sewall Wright, John Haldane and Theodosius Dobzhansky. The method of reflection consists of a logicalconceptual analysis, based on historiography, of the epistemological development of the main evolutionary concepts: common ancestry, evolution over time, population variation, heredity, natural selection and adaptation. The foundation of evolutionary concepts is based on different rationalist and empiricist bases; therefore, the theory cannot be validated as a homogeneous conceptual monolith. Common ancestry and evolution, in both pathways (anagenesis and cladogenesis), resort to the tree-forming of the diversity of life, through image-based representations of phylogeny, for their validation. Population variation and heredity benefit from demonstration and testability strategies that are very similar to those used by the physical sciences, and can resort to the mathematization of phenomena, systematization with mechanistic models, and experimentation for the induction, verification, and refutation of regularities. Natural selection and adaptation, in turn, which in Darwin were normative principles deduced by analogy from observations of livestock farmers and horticulturists, complemented by concepts from Economics, gained, from the Synthesis, robust frameworks in population statistics and logical foundations in a model of probabilistic causality. Reflections on the epistemological development of evolutionism allow us, among other conclusions, to understand that its concepts have different cognitive values, that the conclusions they allow have different scopes and limits, and that the solution to the epistemological problems that they continue to face after the Synthesis needs to be sought through different intellectual paths.
Unidade Acadêmica:	Instituto de Ciências Humanas (ICH) Departamento de Filosofia (ICH FIL)
Informações adicionais:	Tese (doutorado) — Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Filosofia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia, 2025.
Programa de pós-graduação:	Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia
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