Título:	Identificação da espécie de Colletotrichum causadora da antracnose em jiló e avaliação do controle da doença com quitosana em pós-colheita
Outros títulos:	Identification of Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose in scarlet eggplant and assessment of anthracnose control with chitosan in post-harvest
Autor(es):	Oliveira, Bruno Ferreira
Orientador(es):	Reis, Ailton
Assunto:	Fungos na agricultura Hortaliças - doenças e pragas Antracnose Jiló - doenças e pragas
Data de publicação:	2-Mar-2018
Data de defesa:	31-Out-2017
Referência:	OLIVEIRA, Bruno Ferreira de. Identificação da espécie de Colletotrichum causadora da antracnose em jiló e avaliação do controle da doença com quitosana em pós-colheita. 2017. vi , 81 f., il. Tese (Doutorado em Fitopatologia)—Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2017.
Abstract:	Anthracnose, a major post-harvest disease in scarlet eggplant fruit (Solanum aethiopicum L.), has been little investigated in several aspects, mainly regarding etiology and control, which were the objectives of this work. For these studies to be conducted it was necessary initially to have an adequate methodology that would allow the reproduction of the symptoms of the disease under laboratory conditions. A method of inoculation using the Coll-265 isolate was therefore established among the four procedures: 1) injury in the fruit with a metal needle bore of 1.25 mm diameter + deposition of 15 μL of the inoculum (M1); 2) only deposition of 15 μL of the inoculum on the epicarp of the uninjured fruit (M2); 3) injury in the fruit with a metal needle hole of 1.25 mm diameter + deposition of a 0.5 cm diameter BDA disc with fungus culture (M3) and 4) only deposition of a 0.5 cm diameter BDA disc with fungus culture on the epicarp of the fruit (M4). The estimated concentration of the inoculum was 2 x 105 conidia/ mL. Sterilized distilled water and BDA disc without culture of the fungus were deposited in the controls. The incidence and mean diameter of the lesion in each treatment were evaluated. The data of mean diameter of the lesion were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test at 0.05 probability. Fifteen isolates of Colletotrichum obtained from anthracnose in scarlet eggplant fruit were tested for virulence in Tinguá fruits. The incidence of anthracnose, mean lesion diameter, incubation and latency period were evaluated. The data of mean diameter of the lesion were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s and Dunnet’s mean tests at the 5% level of significance. The most virulent isolates were identified based on genomic sequences of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin (ACT) and beta-tubulin (TUB2), whereas the other virulent isolates were identified based only on the GAPDH genomic region. Two phylogenetic trees were generated by ‘Maximum Likelihood’, one for multigene analysis using the concatenated sequences and another for GAPDH. In vitro, the mycelial growth of the Coll-265 isolate in chitosan medium was observed under the following conditions: 1) potato-dextrose-agar with 0.1% chitosan; 2) potato-dextrose-agar with 0.2% chitosan; 3) potato-dextrose-agar with 0.3% chitosan and 4) potato-dextrose-agar with 0.4% chitosan. As a control, only potato-dextrose-agar. All plates were stored in BOD at 25°C and photoperiod of 12 h. The evaluation was iniciated 48 h after the implantation of the experiment by measuring radial growth of the fungus in two opposite directions, repeating the measurement every 48 h until completing 10 days. The mycelial growth rate and percent inhibition of mycelial growth were calculated. The experiment was repeated once under the same conditions. For statistical analysis, we performed ANOVA, F test and regression. For the in vivo control test, scarlet eggplant fruits were submitted to treatments: T1 - uncoated and uninoculated; T2 - uncoated and inoculated; T3 - coated with 0.1% chitosan and inoculated; T4 - coated with 0.2% chitosan and inoculated and T5 - coated with 0.3% chitosan and inoculated. The T1 and T2 treatments served as controls. Loss of fruit fresh mass was analyzed; mean incidence of disease and severity of the disease. The experiment was repeated once under the same conditions. The disease severity values of each treatment were used to calculate AACPD. For statistical analysis, we performed ANOVA, F test and regression. DIC was used for all experiments. It was concluded that M1 was the most effective for reproduction of anthracnose symptoms in the laboratory and, therefore, it was used in later experiments when necessary. Coll-265, Coll-266, Coll-266, Coll-297, Coll-586 and Coll-588 isolates were the most virulent, with Coll-265 and Coll-266 showing the highest lesion diameter means and 100% incidence of anthracnose. All virulent isolates were molecularly identified as Colletotrichum tamarilloi. In vitro, chitosan at all concentrations tested inhibited fungal mycelial growth. In vivo, the 0.2% chitosan coating (T4) reduced the severity of anthracnose in post-harvest jelly but did not prevent its incidence.
Unidade Acadêmica:	Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (IB) Departamento de Fitopatologia (IB FIT)
Informações adicionais:	Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitopatologia, 2017.
Programa de pós-graduação:	Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitopatologia
Licença:	A concessão da licença deste item refere-se ao termo de autorização impresso assinado pelo autor com as seguintes condições: Na qualidade de titular dos direitos de autor da publicação, autorizo a Universidade de Brasília e o IBICT a disponibilizar por meio dos sites www.bce.unb.br, www.ibict.br, http://hercules.vtls.com/cgi-bin/ndltd/chameleon?lng=pt&skin=ndltd sem ressarcimento dos direitos autorais, de acordo com a Lei nº 9610/98, o texto integral da obra disponibilizada, conforme permissões assinaladas, para fins de leitura, impressão e/ou download, a título de divulgação da produção científica brasileira, a partir desta data.
Agência financiadora:	Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).
Aparece nas coleções:	Teses, dissertações e produtos pós-doutorado

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