Título:	Evaluation of the removal and effects of Cylindrospermopsin on ripened slow sand filters
Autor(es):	Valencia-Cárdenas, Daniel Tavares, Thatiane Souza Silveira, Rafaella Brandão, Cristina Celia Silveira Soares, Raquel Moraes Ginoris, Yovanka Pérez
ORCID:	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7649-7277 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9410-4921 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4137-9814
Afiliação do autor:	University of Brasilia, Faculty of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Brasilia, Faculty of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Brasilia, Faculty of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Brasilia, Faculty of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Brasilia, Faculty of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Brasilia, Faculty of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Assunto:	Cianotoxicinas Filtragem Água - tratamento Microbiota
Data de publicação:	2-Set-2023
Editora:	MDPI
Referência:	VALENCIA-CÁRDENAS, Daniel et al. Evaluation of the removal and effects of Cylindrospermopsin on ripened slow sand filters. Toxins, v. 15, n. 9, 543, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15090543. Disponível em: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/9/543. Acesso em: 25 jan. 2024.
Abstract:	The occurrence of toxic blooms of cyanobacteria has been a matter of public health interest due to the cyanotoxins produced by these microorganisms. Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cyanotoxin of particular concern due to its toxic effects on humans. This study investigated the removal and effects of CYN in ripened slow sand filters (SSFs) treating water from Paranoá Lake, Brasilia, Brazil. Four pilot-scale SSFs were ripened and operated for 74 days. Two contamination peaks with CYN were applied along the filtration run. The improvement of any of the evaluated water quality parameters was not affected by the presence of CYN in the raw water. The SSFs efficiently removed CYN, presenting concentrations lower than 0.8 µg/L in the filtered water. The microbiota of the SSFs were dominated by protozoa of the genus Euglypha and amoebas of the genera Arcella, Centropyxis, and Amoeba, together with some groups of rotifers. These microorganisms played a crucial role in removing total coliforms and E. coli. In addition, CYN was not identified as a determining factor in the microbiota composition.
Unidade Acadêmica:	Faculdade de Tecnologia (FT) Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental (FT ENC)
Licença:	(CC BY) Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15090543
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