Título:	Trypanosoma cruzi in the chicken model : Chagas-like heart disease in the absence of parasitism
Autor(es):	Teixeira, Antonio Raimundo Lima Cruz Gomes, Clever Nitz, Nadjar Sousa, Alessandro O. Alves, Rozeneide M. Guimaro, Maria C. Cordeiro, Ciro Bernal, Francisco M. Rosa, Ana de Cássia Hejnar, Jiri Leonardecz, Eduardo Hecht, Mariana M.
Assunto:	Tripanossoma cruzi Chagas, Doença de Coração - doenças Galinha
Data de publicação:	Mar-2011
Editora:	Plos
Referência:	Teixeira, Antonio R. L. et al. Trypanosoma cruzi in the chicken model: Chagas-like heart disease in the absence of parasitism. Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases, v. 5, n. 3, e1000, 2011. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001000. Disponível em: https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001000. Acesso em: 06 fev. 2019.
Abstract:	Background: The administration of anti-trypanosome nitroderivatives curtails Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Chagas disease patients, but does not prevent destructive lesions in the heart. This observation suggests that an effective treatment for the disease requires understanding its pathogenesis. Methodology/Principal Findings: To understand the origin of clinical manifestations of the heart disease we used a chicken model system in which infection can be initiated in the egg, but parasite persistence is precluded. T. cruzi inoculation into the air chamber of embryonated chicken eggs generated chicks that retained only the parasite mitochondrial kinetoplast DNA minicircle in their genome after eight days of gestation. Crossbreeding showed that minicircles were transferred vertically via the germ line to chicken progeny. Minicircle integration in coding regions was shown by targeted-primer thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR, and detected by direct genomic analysis. The kDNA-mutated chickens died with arrhythmias, shortness of breath, cyanosis and heart failure. These chickens with cardiomyopathy had rupture of the dystrophin and other genes that regulate cell growth and differentiation. Tissue pathology revealed inflammatory dilated cardiomegaly whereby immune system mononuclear cells lyse parasite-free target heart fibers. The heart cell destruction implicated a thymus-dependent, autoimmune; self-tissue rejection carried out by CD45+, CD8cd+, and CD8a lymphocytes. Conclusions/Significance: These results suggest that genetic alterations resulting from kDNA integration in the host genome lead to autoimmune-mediated destruction of heart tissue in the absence of T. cruzi parasites.
Unidade Acadêmica:	Faculdade de Medicina (FMD)
Licença:	© 2011 Teixeira et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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