Título:	Alternative tree species for sustainable forest management in the Brazilian Amazon
Autor(es):	Lima, Fernanda Borges de Souza, Álvaro Nogueira de Matricardi, Eraldo Aparecido Trondoli Gaspar, Ricardo de Oliveira Lima, Ingrid Borges de Souza, Hallefy Junio de Santos, Mario Lima dos Miguel, Eder Pereira Borges, Luís Antônio Coimbra Santos, Cassio Rafael Costa dos Gouveia, Fernando Nunes Lima, Maria de Fátima de Brito
ORCID:	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6869-2715 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5323-6100 https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2276-5149 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1679-9796 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0344-5008 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2807-205X https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3532-4473
Afiliação do autor:	University of Brasília, College of Technology, Forestry Department University of Brasília, College of Technology, Forestry Department University of Brasília, College of Technology, Forestry Department University of Brasília, College of Technology, Forestry Department University of Brasília, College of Technology, Forestry Department University of Brasília, College of Technology, Forestry Department University of Brasília, College of Technology, Forestry Department University of Brasília, College of Technology, Forestry Department Federal University of Lavras, Forestry Department Federal Rural University of Amazon, Forestry Department Ministry of Environmental and Climate Change, Forest Products Laboratory, Brazilian Forestry Service Ministry of Environmental and Climate Change, Forest Products Laboratory, Brazilian Forestry Service
Assunto:	Árvores - Amazônia Manejo florestal sustentável Madeira - densidade
Data de publicação:	8-Out-2024
Editora:	MDPI AG
Referência:	LIMA, Fernanda Borges de et al. Alternative tree species for sustainable forest management in the Brazilian Amazon. Forests, [S. l.], v. 15, n. 10, 763, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/f15101763. Disponível em: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/15/10/1763. Acesso em: 4 ago. 2026.
Abstract:	The scarcity of hardwoods from tropical forests makes the search for alternative species necessary for commercialization. This study aimed to establish groups of timber species from the Amazon Forest with potential for logging purposes through the assessment of their physical-mechanical properties, aiming to identify alternative species that can meet the market demands. We utilized data from the Forest Products Laboratory (LPF) (containing information on basic density and other wood mechanical properties) and the Timberflow platform, as well. We applied a multivariate cluster analysis technique with the aim of grouping species based on the technological characteristics of their wood and evaluating similarity among them to obtain homogeneous groups in terms of economic potential and utilization. The results indicated four homogeneous groups: Cluster 1 (40.72% of species, basic density-db: 690 kg m−3), Cluster 2 (13.92%, db: 260 and 520 kg m−3), Cluster 3 (27.32%, db: 550 and 830 kg m−3), and Cluster 4 (18.04%, db: 830 kg m−3). Most of the 20 listed species are classified as more commercially viable (70%), with high wood density. Species identified as alternatives include Dialium guianense and Zollernia paraensis for Dipteryx odorata, Terminalia argentea for Dinizia excelsa, Terminalia amazonia and Buchenavia grandis for Goupia glabra, and Protium altissimum and Maclura tinctoria for Hymenaea courbaril. The analysis highlighted the overexploitation of a restricted group of species and the need to find alternatives to ensure the sustainability of forest management. This study contributed to identifying species that can serve as alternatives to commercial ones, promoting a more balanced and sustainable forest management.
Licença:	This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.3390/f15101763
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