Adaptative variation in a neotropical dung beetle: females and gamma males present tunneler morphology, while beta and alpha males present wing morphology for velocity

Ribeiro, Pedro Henrique de Oliveira; Camargo, Nicholas Ferreira; Frizzas, Marina Regina

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Campo DC	Valor	Idioma
dc.contributor.author	Ribeiro, Pedro Henrique de Oliveira	pt_BR
dc.contributor.author	Camargo, Nicholas Ferreira	pt_BR
dc.contributor.author	Frizzas, Marina Regina	pt_BR
dc.date.accessioned	2026-06-24T13:06:04Z	-
dc.date.available	2026-06-24T13:06:04Z	-
dc.date.issued	2024-11	pt_BR
dc.identifier.citation	OLIVEIRA, Pedro Henrique de Oliveira de; CAMARGO, Nicholas Ferreira; FRIZZAS, Marina Regina. Adaptative variation in a neotropical dung beetle: females and gamma males present tunneler morphology, while beta and alpha males present wing morphology for velocity. Ecology and Evolution, v. 14, n. 11, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70457. Disponível em: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.70457. Acesso em 24 jun. 2026.	pt_BR
dc.identifier.uri	https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70457	pt_BR
dc.identifier.uri	http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/55062	-
dc.language.iso	eng	-
dc.publisher	Wiley	pt_BR
dc.rights	Acesso Aberto	pt_BR
dc.title	Adaptative variation in a neotropical dung beetle: females and gamma males present tunneler morphology, while beta and alpha males present wing morphology for velocity	pt_BR
dc.type	Artigo	pt_BR
dc.rights.license	This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work isproperly cited.	-
dc.identifier.doi	https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70457	pt_BR
dc.description.abstract1	In evolutionary terms, plastic traits can covary, providing adaptive value by compensating for certain characteristic costs or enhancing fitness. This combination of traits is expected in species with significant intrapopulation ecological variation, like insects. In the Phanaeini tribe, males and females have distinct nesting behaviors, and the alpha, beta, and gamma morphotypes of trimorphic males display different reproductive strategies. Although phenotypic integration of wings and protibiae associated with horn size occurs in dung beetles, this study focuses on the morphological and functional variation of these and other structures due to behavioral differences and reproductive strategies between sexes and male morphotypes. We used a geometric and functional morphometric approach to investigate the variation in plasticity of structures (clypeus, protibia, elytra, and membranous wing), their integration with horn size in males, and flight biomechanics in the trimorphic dung beetle Oxysternon palemo (Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). Comparing different sexes and morphotypes, we tested for significant differences associated with various reproductive and behavioral strategies. Adaptive morphological differences were found in all structures in at least three of the four groups (females and alpha, beta, and gamma males), along with clear sexual dimorphism in the protibia. In alpha males, fossorial structures enhance resource partitioning and confrontations, whereas in females and gamma males, these structures optimize digging and tunnel mobility. We also found integration between the size of pronotal horns and clypeus shape, and between head horn size and wing shape. The variation in elytra morphology, covariation between membranous wings and horns, and flight biomechanics results suggests different reproductive investment and foraging strategies among groups. Alpha and beta males invest in intense flights and rapid resource colonization, whereas gamma males exhibit slower, low‐energy flights with greater reproductive investment. We discuss how trade‐offs between dispersal and reproduction in polyphenic insects shape adaptive variation through plasticity in dung beetle morphotypes.	pt_BR
dc.identifier.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1410-8146	pt_BR
dc.identifier.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6859-8780	pt_BR
dc.identifier.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6639-8424	pt_BR
dc.contributor.affiliation	University of Brasília, Brazil	pt_BR
dc.contributor.affiliation	University of Brasília, Department of Zoology University, Brazil	pt_BR
dc.contributor.affiliation	University of Brasília, Department of Ecology, Brazil	pt_BR
dc.contributor.affiliation	University of Brasília, Department of Zoology University, Brazil	pt_BR
dc.description.unidade	Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (IB)	-
dc.description.unidade	Departamento de Zoologia (IB ZOO)	-
dc.description.ppg	Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia	-
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