Título:	Prevalência do tracoma em áreas não indígenas e indígenas do estado do Maranhão, no período de 2019 a 2021
Autor(es):	Gomez, Daniela Vaz Ferreira
Orientador(es):	Zimmermann, Ivan Ricardo
Assunto:	Doenças negligenciadas Tracoma Maranhão (Estado)
Data de publicação:	5-Ago-2024
Data de defesa:	15-Mar-2023
Referência:	GOMEZ, Daniela Vaz Ferreira. Prevalência do tracoma em áreas não indígenas e indígenas do estado do Maranhão, no período de 2019 a 2021. 2023. 105 f., il. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Saúde Coletiva) — Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2023.
Abstract:	Trachoma is considered a neglected tropical disease (NTD) by the World Health Organization (WHO) and affects the most vulnerable populations in terms of social inequalities. The disease is a public health problem in 44 countries around the world and can be eliminated as a public health problem through the implementation of the SAFE strategy, under the acronym in English, which has as its main components the performance of surgery (S) to correct trachomatous trichiasis (TT), antibiotic treatment (A) to cure Chlamydia trachomatis infection, face wash (F) and environmental improvement measures (E). WHO recommends carrying out surveys to validate the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem and the recommended elimination indicators are: prevalence of follicular inflammatory trachoma below 5% in children aged 1 to 9 years, prevalence of unknown trachomatous trichiasis by the health system of less than 2 per 1,000 inhabitants in the population aged 15 years and over and a health system equipped with resources and with defined strategies to identify and respond to incident cases of trachomatous trichiasis. To verify whether the elimination targets were met, the Ministry of Health carried out the survey in non-indigenous and indigenous areas of the country, between 2018 and 2023. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of trachoma in non-indigenous and indigenous populations in certain areas from the state of Maranhão that were part of the national survey and analyze sociodemographic and environmental issues. A population-based cross sectional observational study with probabilistic sampling was developed. For the selection of the non-indigenous evaluation unit (EU), the homogeneous mesoregion with at least one municipality at risk of trachoma and indicators of poverty and sanitation were also considered. For the selection of the indigenous EU, the Special Indigenous Sanitary District of Maranhão (Dsei-MA) was considered due to the size of the population and the proximity to the non-indigenous evaluation unit, allowing comparison. All residents aged one year or older were recruited and screened for trachoma. In the non-indigenous evaluation unit, 3,094 people were examined and 1 case of follicular inflammatory trachoma and 1 case of trachomatous trichiasis were identified, and in the indigenous evaluation unit 4,161 people were examined and 46 cases of follicular inflammatory trachoma and 7 cases of trachomatous trichiasis were identified. The prevalence coefficients of follicular inflammatory trachoma (TF) in the Leste Maranhense and Dsei-MA assessment units were 0.13% (95%CI: 0.00–0.39%, n=1) and 2.94% (95%CI: 1.43–4.97, n=46), respectively, and the prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis in the UA Dsei-MA was 0.12%. The highest frequencies of follicular inflammatory trachoma were located in places with poor sanitation. The prevalences in the two assessment units are within the recommended limits for elimination, however the higher prevalence of follicular inflammatory trachoma in the Dsei-MA assessment unit indicates greater vulnerability of this population to the transmission of trachoma.
Unidade Acadêmica:	Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FS)
Informações adicionais:	Dissertação (mestrado) — Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, 2023.
Programa de pós-graduação:	Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Mestrado Profissionalizante
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