Título:	Modelos multi-isotópicos para rastreamento geográfico de animais traficados
Autor(es):	Costa, Fábio José Viana
Orientador(es):	Nardoto, Gabriela Bielefeld
Coorientador(es):	Wunder, Michael Brent
Assunto:	Rastreamento geográfico Isótopos estáveis Comércio ilegal Tráfico de animais Rotas de tráfico
Data de publicação:	8-Abr-2020
Data de defesa:	30-Jul-2019
Referência:	COSTA, Fábio José Viana. Modelos multi-isotópicos para rastreamento geográfico de animais traficados. 2019. 115 f., il. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Ambientais) — Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2019.
Abstract:	The illegal wildlife trade (IWT) is a global issue and directly affects biodiversity. The lack of knowledge about traffic routes and the need to give a destination to confiscated animals require methodological advances to more effectively support the detection of IWT animals origin. New technologies use tissue markers as indicative of the seized items region of origin, which allow obtaining spatial and ecological distribution data of samples collected from individuals captured on a single occasion. In this context, the stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen show patterns of the spatial distribution of biogeochemical and ecological processes and have been used as environmental trackers that can be presented on maps, called isoscapes. This work aimed to develop new methodological approaches using stable isotopes as a tool for geographic tracking, in the context of animal trafficking. A review of the biogeochemical principles related to the use of oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen isotopes as geographic indicators and the methodologies to use them in the assignment (provenance tests) was done. The Saffron Finch (Sicalis flaveola) was used as a resident bird model to verify the amplitude of temporal variation in oxygen isotope ratios (δ 18O) using tissues with different turnover, as blood and feathers. Molt periods was also estimated for the Saffron Finch. A regional δ 18O isoscape model was developed for the Cerrado and Pantanal using mammal hair samples. Finally, a multi-isotopic method was developed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of known origin samples assignment, using different calibration models and one, two, or three isotopes. The temporal variation of δ 18O of the Saffron Finch blood was wide and showed association with climatic variables, being a good tracer of the marked environmental seasonality of the Cerrado. The feathers analysis showed that a short period of molting is related to smaller variations in δ 18O. The δ 18O of the feathers was about 2.5 ‰ lower than that of the whole blood, which is referred to as the tissue-to- tissue conversion rate. The mammal hair δ 18O isoscape for the Cerrado and Pantanal showed a 6‰ amplitude and presented a well-marked longitudinal pattern. Road-killed mammals and museum specimens are easily sampled, have wide distribution, and are residents, which make the use of mammalian hair a good alternative for δ 18O geographic variation reference in the studied region. The association of the temporal and spatial variations of δ 18O associated with the multi-isotopic assignment method provided a regional improvement in the use of stable isotopes as a geographic assignment tool in the context of IWT in Brazil, which may help in the animal’s destination and clarify IWT aspects, such as poaching preferred locations and trading routes.
Unidade Acadêmica:	Faculdade UnB Planaltina (FUP)
Informações adicionais:	Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Ambientais) — Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade UnB - Planaltina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Planaltina, 2019.
Programa de pós-graduação:	Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais
Agência financiadora:	Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).
Aparece nas coleções:	Teses, dissertações e produtos pós-doutorado

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