Título:	Efeito de diferentes usos do solo no cerrado sobre a composição da fauna edáfica
Autor(es):	Bussinguer, Angela Pereira
Orientador(es):	Gatto, Alcides
Assunto:	Cerrados - solos Microbiologia Biodiversidade do solo Indicadores (Biologia) Solos - qualidade Macrofauna
Data de publicação:	9-Nov-2018
Data de defesa:	30-Mai-2018
Referência:	BUSSINGER, Angela Pereira. Efeito de diferentes usos do solo no cerrado sobre a composição da fauna edáfica. 2018. xii, 107 f., il. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Florestais)—Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2018.
Abstract:	The edaphic fauna is diverse and dependent on a combination of factors that can be modified by land use, such as the viability of nutrient and organic matter contents, capacity of water retention and microorganisms, besides presenting patterns of dominance of edaphic groups, also related to the land use, and despite their importance in the ecosystems, such relationships are still poorly understood, especially for the Cerrado Biome. This study evaluated the influence of different soil uses on soil fauna organisms (enchytraeidae and macrofauna) in Cerrado area, considering also the effects of the physical, chemical and microbiological properties of the soil. The study was conducted at Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-­DF, and land use systems (LUS) include integrated crop-­livestock-­forest (ICLF);; Urochloa brizantha pasture with three years after plowing (Past3);; Silvipastoral system with Leucaena leucocephala and Urochloa brizantha (Leu);; clonal Eucalyptus sp. stand (Euc);; Urochloa brizantha pasture with six years (Past6) and native vegetation of Cerradão (Cer). The macrofauna sampling was performed on a transect according to the TSBF method. The macrofauna was identified at the family level and the data expressed in density. Density data were also expressed as percentage per layer for vertical distribution analysis. For earthworms and enchytraeidae, the identification was realized until the level of genus. The measured physical attributes were soil density, total pore volume, microporosity, macroporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The chemical attributes were pH, soil organic matter, Al3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, P, K+, C, N contents and C: N ratio. The measured microbiological attributes were the enzymatic activity of acid phosphatase and the microbial biomasses of C and N. The mean physical, chemical and biological attributes were compared by the Tukey test (p <0.01) and boxplots were used to analyze the normality of the data distribution in each LUS. To evaluate the correlations between soil attributes and macrofauna, a multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. For earthworms and enchytraeidae a Cluster analysis was performed and to evaluate the influence of soil attributes on the density and richness of these organisms, a Poisson multiple regression model was applied. For macrofauna, 84,896 individuals were sampled, distributed among 14 orders and 29 families and the most abundant groups were represented by Isoptera, Coleoptera, Oligochaeta and Formicidae. The Cerradão area was differentiated by PCA from other types of land use and presented a greater diversity of groups associated with this system. For vertical distribution, the highest macrofauna occurrence was observed in the 0-­10 cm soil layer in most of the evaluated areas, with the exception of Euc and Leu, which presented higher densities in the 10-­20 cm layer. It was verified that the chemical and microbiological attributes are related to the abundance and richness of the macrofauna groups, but no significant influences were observed for the physical attributes. Land use systems influenced the density and composition of soil fauna, with a tendency to simplify these organisms in areas under monoculture, and to promote changes in most of the physical, chemical and microbiological attributes of the soil. Was found a total of 37,686 enchytraeidae and 5,280 earthworms. The Cluster analysis allowed the separation of the land use systems for both enchytraeidae and earthworms, indicating that these organisms respond to the type of vegetation and management adopted in each area. There was dominance of genera with occurrence of native species, cosmopolitan and peregrine species, especially in pasture areas, indicating that they are also affected by soil management. The occurrence of enchytraeidae genus and earthworm genus and species has been shown to be dependent on a combination of physical, chemical and microbiological factors, to a greater or lesser degree. Although these relationships are still unclear for certain genera and the low density of some individuals make it difficult to establish them, they can be used as classifiers for the quality or degradation of a soil or ecosystem, especially when the presence of exotic or wide-­ranging groups is observed.
Unidade Acadêmica:	Faculdade de Tecnologia (FT) Departamento de Engenharia Florestal (FT EFL)
Informações adicionais:	Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, 2018.
Programa de pós-graduação:	Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais
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