Título:	Impactos socioambientais do cultivo de dendê na terra indígena Turé-Mariquita no nordeste do Pará
Autor(es):	Damiani, Sandra
Orientador(es):	Passos, Carlos José Sousa
Coorientador(es):	Guimarães, Sílvia Maria Ferreira
Assunto:	Impactos socioambientais Dendezeiro Terras indígenas Agrotóxicos Amazônia
Data de publicação:	27-Mar-2018
Data de defesa:	27-Nov-2017
Referência:	Damiani, Sandra. Impactos socioambientais do cultivo de dendê na terra indígena Turé-Mariquita no nordeste do Pará. 2017. 126 f., il. Dissertação (Mestrado em Desenvolvimento Sustentável)—Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2017.
Abstract:	The expansion of large-scale oil palm crops in the Brazilian Amazon over the last decade has exposed indigenous populations to rapid changes in the surroundings of their lands and in their territory’s daily activities. In the north-eastern Pará, the Tembé people claim to have been suffering socio-environmental negative impacts on their lives and territory over the last seven years as a result of the set-up of a vast oil palm monoculture close to the indigenous land borders. Thus, this study seeks to analyse the impacts perceived by the Tembé people, from the Turé-Mariquita Indigenous Land and two nearby villages, located in the municipality of Tomé-Açu within the main Brazilian oil palm production area. With an interdisciplinary methodological approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews and participatory observation in five Tembé villages, remote sensing of a 5-km buffer zone, and lab agrochemical determination on 49 water and sediment samples, along two field works in 2016 and 2017, and covering dry and rainy seasons. Results are presented in three separate chapters. The first chapter contextualises the Tembé territorial area, using as a backdrop the land use changes that occurred as a result of the fast territory occupation process until the oil palm arrival. We found that the oil palm plantations have changed large extension of the indigenous land surroundings, which have been used in traditional indigenous practices, resulting in land concentration, landscape homogenisation and territorial restriction, which in turn fuelled conflicts under the form of protest actions and prosecutions. The second chapter analyses the Tembé people perception of the socio-environmental impacts and the general features of the changes brought about by the oil palm monoculture, with emphasis to the deforestation of secondary forest. Seven main socio-environmental impacts have been perceived by the Tembé people after the establishment of oil palm monoculture around their lands: i) loss of second-growth forest; ii) loss of biodiversity; iii) streams´ degradation; iv) health problems and environmental contamination risk; v) snakes and insects’ proliferation; vi) microclimate changes, and vii) less territorial control. As complementary data to the impacts perceived, the remote sensing analyses showed the suppression of 333.8 hectares of secondary forest in three areas adjacent to the indigenous land, where villagers used to hunt game species and harvest (e.g., fruits, seeds, medicinal plants, wood). The third chapter discusses the presence of pesticides within the indigenous land and its surroundings. The lab agrochemical determination showed three pesticides in the samples of the main sources of water (streams and wells) which are currently used by the Tembé people, two of them between those informed to be used by oil palm plantations: glyphosate based herbicides and the endosulfan (α e sulfate) insecticide. As conclusion, the palm crop establishment around those indigenous lands has been negatively affecting the Tembé People´s livelihoods and their capacity to practice their culture. Our results offer valuable insight for policy in support of traditional peoples that have already been affected and those policies aimed at avoiding the exposure of other traditional communities to such negative effects.
Unidade Acadêmica:	Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (CDS)
Informações adicionais:	Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável, 2017.
Programa de pós-graduação:	Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Licença:	A concessão da licença deste item refere-se ao termo de autorização impresso assinado pelo autor com as seguintes condições: Na qualidade de titular dos direitos de autor da publicação, autorizo a Universidade de Brasília e o IBICT a disponibilizar por meio dos sites www.bce.unb.br, www.ibict.br, http://hercules.vtls.com/cgi-bin/ndltd/chameleon?lng=pt&skin=ndltd sem ressarcimento dos direitos autorais, de acordo com a Lei nº 9610/98, o texto integral da obra disponibilizada, conforme permissões assinaladas, para fins de leitura, impressão e/ou download, a título de divulgação da produção científica brasileira, a partir desta data.
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