Título:	Filogenia molecular do gênero Nystalus (Bucconidae, Aves) : enfoque na estruturação populacional em N. maculatus e N. chacuru
Autor(es):	Duarte, Samira Rezende
Orientador(es):	Caparroz, Renato
Assunto:	Pássaro Filogenia Genética animal
Data de publicação:	17-Dez-2015
Data de defesa:	26-Fev-2015
Referência:	DUARTE, Samira Rezende. Filogenia molecular do gênero Nystalus (Bucconidae, Aves): enfoque na estruturação populacional em N. maculatus e N. chacuru. 2015. vii, 69 f., il. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biologia Animal)—Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2015.
Abstract:	The Bucconidae family (Aves: Galbuliformes) is exclusive to the Neotropics and has 12 genera and 38 species, and yet, 77 subspecies, with three species are endangered. In this family, we highlight the genus Nystalus, with seven species: N. chacuru (Vieilot, 1816), N. maculatus (Gmelin, 1788), N. striolatus (Pelzeln, 1856), N. striatipectus (Silva, 2001), N. radiatus (Sclater, 1854), Nystalus obamai (Whitney et al., 2013) e N. torridus (Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940). They Show a wide distribution in South America, with representatives in major biomes, as well as in the Andean region. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to validate the current taxonomy of species of the genus Nystalus based on DNA sequences, assuming the phylogenetic species concept; identify the temporal process of diversification of species of this genus, and elucidate the phylogeographic patterns of N. chacuru and N. maculatus, aiming to understand how historical events may have contributed to shaping the present distribution of genetic variability in these two species. For this, was used a mitochondrial DNA fragment of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene (ND2) and nuclear DNA segment of intron region 5 of β-fibrinogen (FIB5). The phylogenetic analyzes were performed by methods of maximum likelihood (ML) and bayesian inference (IB). The time of divergence of the species was estimated from the molecular clock hypothesis and population analyzes were performed through the construction of haplotype network and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). The results showed inconsistencies between the DNA segments used in addition to the inconsistency between the mitochondrial genes for different phylogenetic methods. However, it was possible to infer that the species of the genus Nystalus have two main lines: one to occur in forests and other vegetation to occur in open areas. Except for N. obamai and N. striolatus, the other species of the genus formed monophyletic lineages for the ND2 gene, but these clades have not been clearly identified based on nuclear segment. According to the hypothesis of the molecular clock, the species of the genus Nystalus separated from other genus Bucconidae family probably in the Miocene. N. striatipectus and N. maculatus settled in the regions of west central Brazil, and were later superimposed with N. chacuru. N. torridus already scattered to the far east of Brazil, while N. striolatus / N. obamai little remained near the Madeira River in the Amazon and N. radiatus dispersed to the west tip of South America. The results population analysis N. chacuru and N. maculatus populations indicate structuring, since high ɸST values were also showed high haplotype diversity, as well as a high variance. The haplotype network did not show any haplotype sharing, supporting the current taxonomy, since a high genetic differentiation occurs.
Unidade Acadêmica:	Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (IB)
Informações adicionais:	Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, 2015.
Programa de pós-graduação:	Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal
Licença:	A concessão da licença deste item refere-se ao termo de autorização impresso assinado pelo autor com as seguintes condições: Na qualidade de titular dos direitos de autor da publicação, autorizo a Universidade de Brasília e o IBICT a disponibilizar por meio dos sites www.bce.unb.br, www.ibict.br, http://hercules.vtls.com/cgi-bin/ndltd/chameleon?lng=pt&skin=ndltd sem ressarcimento dos direitos autorais, de acordo com a Lei nº 9610/98, o texto integral da obra disponibilizada, conforme permissões assinaladas, para fins de leitura, impressão e/ou download, a título de divulgação da produção científica brasileira, a partir desta data.
DOI:	http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/2015.02.D.18945
Aparece nas coleções:	Teses, dissertações e produtos pós-doutorado

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