Título:	Fatal cases involving new psychoactive substances and trends in analytical techniques
Autor(es):	Ferrari Júnior, Ettore Leite, Bruno Henrique Monteiro Gomes, Eliude Barbosa Vieira, Tales Mateus Sepulveda, Pedro Caldas, Eloisa Dutra
Assunto:	Substâncias psicoativas Drogas - abuso Opioides Mortalidade
Data de publicação:	25-Out-2022
Editora:	Frontiers
Referência:	FERRARI JÚNIOR, Ettore et. al. Fatal cases involving new psychoactive substances and trends in analytical techniques. Frontiers in Toxicology, v. 4, art. 1033733, 2022. DOI 10.3389/ftox.2022.1033733. Disponível em: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ftox.2022.1033733/full. Acesso em: 16 nov. 2022.
Abstract:	New psychoactive substances (NPS) are an emerging public health issue and deaths are commonly associated with polydrug abuse. Moreover, the number of new substances available is constantly increasing, causing intoxications in low doses, characteristics that impose to toxicology and forensic laboratories to keep routine methods up to date, with high detectability and constantly acquiring new analytical standards. Likewise, NPS metabolites and respective elimination pathways are usually unknown, making it difficult the detection and confirmation of the drug involved in the fatal case in an analytical routine. A literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases for papers related to chromatographic analyses from fatal cases related to NPS use published from 2016 to 2021. A total of 96 papers were retrieved and reviewed in this study. Opioids, synthetic cathinones, phenethylamines/amphetamines and cannabinoids were the NPS classes most found in the fatal cases. In many cases, multiple compounds were detected in the biological samples, including prescription and other illegal drugs. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, an alternative to overcome the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry limitations for some compounds, was the analytical technique most used in the studies, and high resolution mass spectrometry was often applied to NPS metabolite investigation and structural characterization and identification of unknown compounds. Toxicological screening and quantitation methods need to be continuously updated to include new substances that are emerging on the drug market that can be fatal at very low doses.
Licença:	Copyright © 2022 Ferrari Júnior, Leite, Gomes, Vieira, Sepulveda and Caldas. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ftox.2022.1033733/full. Acesso em: 16 nov. 2022.
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.3389/ftox.2022.1033733
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